Family Curfews Can Not Keep Teens Out of Trouble

Looking for freedom is human nature. Everyone wants to have his or her own space and time to manage. When you were a teenager, you sought for independence and tried to decide by yourself, but when you become a parent, can you still remember to let your children be free and have faith in them? Most parents will forget the feeling they experienced when they were teenagers and forgot to make the things right when they become moms or dads. They set a lot of rules at home for their kids and sometimes even strict family curfews. But do they work? Can they really keep teens out of trouble, or do they make it worse? Parents like to give curfews for their children like you have to get home at XX time and you can not go anywhere without my†¦show more content†¦Moreover, there are so many pornographic web sites on the internet, and people can easily open them, watch them, or even download them. For teens, these kinds of websites provide the exact knowledge that they yearn for. Accordin g to Family Safe Media (2001), the 12 to 17 year-old group is the main viewer who search porn online. So when they are ordered to be at home and are working with their computers, they may look at those sites and then are addicted to them. Its easy for them to want to experience the sensation of sex because their hormones rise which makes them be impulsive and passionate for sex, and its possible for them to learn something wrong. There was a real story Mueller (2005) told about some 10 year-old boys who were from Christian families in which the parents were very strict and made a lot of rules. They were found having oral sex with one of their male classmates, which really shocked the parents. They learned to do it because one of them found a porn site on the internet and were quickly addicted to it. Then he searched for some more extreme sites and told his friends to watch and try to do what they saw on the show. This gives us an idea that if teens are restrained too much at home an d spend a lot of time with themselves which is like giving them curfews, they may have computer addiction in pornography which is possible to putShow MoreRelatedCurfews are Safe, Secure, and Specific Essay531 Words   |  3 PagesIt’s Teen O’clock â€Å"The majority should not be punished and subjected to a licensing curfew because of the bad behavior of the minority.†- Tessa Jowell A curfew is an order or a law that requires people to be indoors after a certain time. Curfews are set in place to keep and maintain public order. Curfews are set by guardians so teenagers can return home by a specific time. Curfews are specific deadlines that mark a period of ending. Do I believe curfews keep teens out of trouble? Though some peopleRead MoreDo Curfews Keep Teens Out of Trouble? Essay1085 Words   |  5 Pageshave to be home by their parents. Usually teenagers must be home from dates and nights out with friends by anywhere from 10 o’clock at night to 2 o’clock in the morning. Each parent has extremely different curfews set for their children, based on the individual level of responsibility and trust levels. Some local government decides to set their own curfews, to keep teens off the streets at night and out of trouble. Many people argue whether this actually solves anything, or is even legal to do, sinceRead MoreDo Curfews Keep Teenagers Out of Troub le1421 Words   |  6 PagesDo Curfews Keep Teens Out of Trouble Bryan Win Lee Liang Jun Yong Jie Peng, Calvin HELP University Curfews Keep Teens Out of Trouble Do curfews keep teenagers out of trouble? This topic has always been on the cover page of todays newspaper headlines and a hot topic that has been discussed by every family. What are curfews like? A curfew is a time frame given by an authority like a parent or the government to teenagers below 18 to be home before a certain period of time. So, ask yourself, do youRead MoreDo Curfews Effect Teens?951 Words   |  4 PagesDo Curfews Effect Teens? A lot of teenagers argue that obeying curfews really affects them because they get in troubles. Curfews do not guarantee that teenagers will fully stay out of trouble. Teen curfews do not reduce or take away from juvenile crime (â€Å"Teen Curfews Should Not Be Supported â€Å"). Some teens feel that when a parent sets a curfew, they don’t fully trust their kids all the way. Whether teenagers have a curfew or not, they can get in just as much trouble in the day time as they can getRead MoreShould Teen Curfews Be Enforced?1055 Words   |  5 Pageshad a curfew. But the Fairy Godmother only wanted what was best for Cinderella, and she didn’t argue it. Giving teens an unreasonable curfew may make them think they need to sneak out of the house. But without a curfew, there is no guarantee that the teen will come home that night. So you`re left with the question, Should teen curfews be enforced? Once you think about it, if youngsters are getting into trouble, it makes the most sense to get them off the street so they will stop causing trouble, rightRead MoreTeenage Curfew Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesHaving a teenage curfew is ineffective and useless. Many people argue that the curfews are necessary because it will keep young people out of trouble. They also say that teenagers are more likely to get in trouble late than they would during daylight. Teens are looked at as the age group that causes the most trouble, and society targets them when it comes to matter for crime, however many people believe that teens are responsible for a large percentage of crimes and that having a curfew in effect willRead MoreEssay on Teenage Curfew Leads to Trouble Not Safety1600 Words   |  7 PagesThey are out there causing trouble, drinking, smoking, and having sex. The teenagers: feared by parents all around the world. That is not the reality; the majority of teenagers will not be out l ooking for trouble. On a typical Friday night teenagers will be hanging out with their friends, catching up with everything that has gone on during the week. Why do parents fear for their teenager’s lives? So often we hear about violent crimes and things that go bump in the night, but do we think that theRead MoreWhy Should Curfew Start At A Specific Time?960 Words   |  4 PagesHawai’i’s Law of Curfew Most adults and parents foresee curfew as a discipline to teenagers, but from an adolescent s’ perspective, they take it as a threat to their social life. In Hawai’i, the law clearly states that children who are under the age of sixteen and have no adult supervision, shall not be out between the hours of ten p.m. and four a.m. In today’s society, there are a variety of activities and events that occur pass curfew for teens where friends can gallivant and socialize, watchRead MoreTeen Curfew Persuasive Speech840 Words   |  4 Pagesbe taken away. Curfews , they strangle teenagers rights to live , learn and experience life for themselves. If this curfew is set, it could limit their time in school, jobs, extracurricular activities and may even alter their life with family and the time with them, may lead them to fail their classes and lose jobs . If this law is set, it could cause major destruction not just in their studies and grades in school but on the road. He res an example if they are past their curfew and close to beingRead MoreCurfew Is Beneficial to Teenagers1234 Words   |  5 PagesCurfew is a set time which teenagers will have to schedule their activities around. Generally, this curfew doesn’t change and helps your teen to understand boundaries. It is a wonderful idea for teens to have curfews because it teaches them to be responsible and also considerate of other people around them. As teenagers, it is natural for adolescents to feel like their freedoms are being taken away and that their parents don’t know what is best. However, curfew is put in place for the direct opposite

Allegorical Elements In Macbeth Essay - 761 Words

The use of allegorical devices within Macbeth can also be used as a way of discussing internal political and ethical perspectives. Shakespeare condemns equivocation within the narrative, â€Å"Faith here’s an equivocator that could swear in both the scales against either scale who committed treason enough for Gods sake, yet could not equivocate to heaven† . This is probably in reference to the Jesuit, Henry Garnet a man who was tried and executed for his role in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605. Garnet published the Treatise on Equivocation, which encouraged Catholics to bend the truth when speaking to protestant inquisitors. Equivocation resurfaces throughout the play, Macbeth lies and bends in truth in order to justify his action to kill, the†¦show more content†¦Macbeth is perhaps a better suited to act as an allegory for ethics and hierarchy in Jacobean society rather than a narrative concerned with internal or external politics. The major images within the dram a focus not on the relationship between England and Scotland but on the inversion of natural order. The Witches are the summation of disorder, Lady Macbeth redefines the accepted gender roles of the time. Furthermore, these characters are linked with the theme of androgyny Banquo comments on the witches appearance, â€Å"you should be women and yet your beards forbid me to interpret that you are so† Lady Macbeth asks spirits to â€Å"unsex† her. Other Shakespearian play’s such as King Lear or Coriolanus are perhaps better suited. While Shakespeare’s own political beliefs are never overtly stated it does not mean he did not imbue his plays with his opinion on certain matters. In Macbeth there are three main political statements: the importance of order; the perils of regicide and the dangers of ambition. The Jacobean period was a place of creativity and uncertainty, Shakespeare mirrors this sense in Macbeth’s Scotland through techniques like pathetic fallacy. Order is only returned when England intervenes returning order to a war-torn land replacing a tyrant with a new ruler. This new ruler becomes the catalyst for order in Shakespeare’s world. Monarchy for Shakespeare is the natural formShow MoreRelatedWho Caused Macbeth s Ill Fate : The Witches Or Himself?1902 Words   |  8 Pagesof his plays included this supernatural element that ultimately causes the downfall of a character or the climax of the story. In Shakespeare and the Supernatural, writer William Jaggard comments on the supern atural element present in many of Shakespeare’s plays: â€Å"So that whether Shakespeare in his three plays of ‘Macbeth,’ ‘Midsummer Night’s Dream,’ and ‘The Tempest’ intends that all he said about the supernatural should be taken literally or as allegorical, the language and the imagery which he

You Belong To Me By Mary Higgins free essay sample

Clark Essay, Research Paper You Belong to Me is Mary Higgins Clark # 8217 ; s 15th novel. It is about a immature clinical psychologist named Dr. Susan Chandler who hosts a wireless talk show. One twenty-four hours the subject of the show is alone adult females who disappear and who are subsequently discovered dead. She brings up one specific instance of a lady named Regina Clausen. Another lady calls in the show and says she might hold some information that might be utile to the instance, but she wants to stay anon. . Dr. Chandler tries to arrage a meeting with her, and she says she will likely non be able to come. That adult female is shoved into a coach the following twenty-four hours and is earnestly injured. The lone informant that saw her get pushed is killed the following twenty-four hours. Dr. Chandler starts following the instance, but every clip she goes to speak to person that might be able to give her some information, they are already dead. We will write a custom essay sample on You Belong To Me By Mary Higgins or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the terminal, Susan is hot on the liquidator # 8217 ; s trail, but does non recognize that she is traveling to be the following victim. The liquidator turns out to be a cat Susan has been dating. He tries to smother her and leaves her to decease. Another physician friend of Susan # 8217 ; s has besides been paying attending to the instance though, and he is worried about something go oning to Susan. He finds her in her office before she suffocates, and they are able to hold the constabulary arrest the bad cat before he does any more harm. # 8220 ; You Belong to Me is a brilliant thriller from one of the genre’s all-time greats, Mary Higgins Clark.† ( Book Browser 1 ) Almost all critics had merely good to state about Clark’s work. â€Å"No doube many readers have one or more Mary Higgins Clark novels set aside†¦and non merely because she is one of the most popular large-print book writers or because her heroines ever come out wholly right at the terminal. More likely it’s because her novels autumn into the authoritative Gothic Genre.† ( Hoopes 1 ) Another writer commented, â€Å"These inspiring novels will touch each and every heart.† ( Baker 2 ) This was decidedly true of You Belong to Me. â€Å"Ms. Clark still has the delicacy to supply her myriad of fans with a top rate reading experience.† ( Book Browser 1 ) One critic commented on Clark’s enigma composing magazine-†To me it seems more geared toward supermarket check-out procedure lines. But I thing it shows how popular enigmas are getting.† ( Detroit News 7 ) â€Å"Story thoughts, nevertheless, are one thing Mary Higgins Clark has plenty of.† ( Hoopes 2 ) Mary Higgins Clark has lived an extraordinary life. She made herself into something worthwhile from fundamentally nil, merely because she worked hard for what she wanted. She proved that you can make whatever you want, if you want it bad plenty. Clark decidedly is a symbol of character, esteem, and doggedness, and her best sellers are cogent evidence of it, if non her position as a favourite American writer.

Smart eEvironments Wireless Sensor Networks

Question: Discuss about the Smart eEvironments for Wireless Sensor Networks. Answer: Introduction Over the past decade, it has been observed a tremendous development to the wireless communication technology. There has been a standard for the wireless communication, which has been developed over the past years (Al-Karaki and Kamal, 2004). A brand of the wireless communication technology, which is gaining prominence each day, is the Wireless Sensor Networks. The WSN have evolved over the years especially with the growth in the micro-Electro-Mechanical systems development for the smart sensors. Because of these innovative applications of the WSN technologies, there has been evolution of the applications. Some of the applications of the WSN include the medical monitoring, the emergence response and the infrastructure protection and optimization. In this paper, it will focus on the medical applications of the WSN (Al-Karaki and Kamal, 2004). The WSN has become a useful tool that has been used in the health care for the monitoring of the patients. It has been utilized for the monitorin g of the patients body vital signs both in the hospitals as well as at home (Buettner,Yee, Anderson and Han, 2006). Various wireless sensor based systems have been designed for monitoring remotely of the patients. There has been research, which has been underway in the development of more efficient systems to aid the remote monitoring of imperative conditions of the patients. Despite of the marked development, which has been achieved in the wireless sensor technologies, there still exists of some of the challenges that have hindered the effective as well as efficient utilization of the WSNs. Some of these challenges have been the interoperability, the privacy as well as security. This research project is aimed to highlight the application of the wireless sensor networks in the biomedical. This research will be achieved through a careful as well as a guided literature review, which broaden on the application off the WSN in the biomedical and healthcare. In order to give an insight of the WSN, provision of the wireless sensor network will be considered. Some prototype of the wireless sensor based monitoring systems will be discussed and at the end, a prospect and the future of the advancement of the wireless sensor network in the biomedical are highlighted. Literature review There are a number of the reviews of the literature on the broadfield on the WSN abound. Nonetheless, this section focusses on the literature, which relates to the applications of the wireless sensor network in the application in the biomedical in line with the objective of the research (Buettner, Yee, Anderson and Han, 2006). According to Bonato (2010) highlights that there are benefits, which are accruable from the field of monitoring of the patients with the Parkinson disease early in 90s. The limitation of the technology at that time inhibited the realization of this potential. Bonato has stressed that the researchers have continuously worked towards the development of unobtrusive ways of monitoring of the vital signs with much focus to the cardiac activity. Their concerted efforts to the design as well as the development of the biomedical sensors. The biomedical sensors are mainly used in the health monitoring applications and the electrocardiograms. As a result of the increase of the viral body signs to be monitored simultaneously, many of the biomedical sensors should work together in order to collect measurement as the same time. It is significant to communicate the data, which has been measured from the device that is sensing to others. It is important to have a network of communicating the biomedical sensors. This could have a radical impact on the quality of the life of the patient as well as their success treatment rates. There has been a long history of using the sensors in the medicine and the public health (Yang, 2014). The medical sensors usually combine transducers for detecting of the electrical, genetic as well as other physical origin with the signal processing algorithms in order to estimate features indicative of the person health status. According to Rashid (2008) defined that the wireless biomedical sensor Network as the convergence of the biosensors, the wireless communication and the network technologies, which consists of the collecti on of the wireless networked low power biosensor. Overview of the biomedical sensor networks The sensors have always been used in the biomedical. There are certain requirements, which are expected of the wireless biomedical sensor, such as the wearability, security and reliability. Wearability entails the biomedical sensor to be small as well as lightweight. The size off the sensor is usually directly proportional to the size of the battery. It is important that the biomedical sensor is reliable in order to operate as much as expected and communicate data to a manner that is reliable. Moreover, the biomedical sensor should provide privacy as well as data integrity. Security is a major challenge to the sensor networks. The WBSN have emerged as the design solution for various monitoring applications. WBSN usually represent a special case especially for the wireless body area networks which has great potential for the continuous monitoring in the ambulatory settings,, wellness monitoring, the early detection of the abnormal conditions, and the supervised rehabilitation. The advances of the WBAN technologies is usually driven through the development I the ubiquitous computing. The WBSN based system usually provide the real time warning, guidance as well as the computer assisted rehabilitation. Through continuous monitoring of the system, it will provide significant larger collection of data, which could be revolutionized using diagnosed procedure as well as the wellness management. Presence of the long term monitoring of the trends could provide a detection of the early signs for the deterioration of the health of the users. For the computer assisted rehabilitation the applications long term monitorin g could indicate progress as well as guide. The WBSNs could are in three types based on the decision taker of the data which is collected from the various sensor nodes. One is the managed WBSN, which the decision on the data collected from one or the three party that can be any doctor or perhaps a nurse takes more than the sensor nodes. The advantage of the managed WBSN lies on the fact that all the vital signs could be analyzed and at the same time, the diagnosis could be done. Another type is the autonomous WBSN, which has actuators along with the sensor nodes could cause the action on the human body as per the data that is collected from the sensor nodes with the human body without the need to wait for the third party decisions. The last type is the intelligent WBSN, which is the combination of both the above networks. In the event that the situation are simple, the decisions are usually taken on their own by use of the actuator nodes but if they are complex the data is sent to t he third person. The operating details of WBSN The WBSN is usually composed of the wearable computing devices that are used for the operation of the healthcare facility. It has been found that the data from the sensors it is usually sent to the servers through use of the radio frequency (Lewis, 2004). The sensors can usually be used both internally as well as externally of the body of a patients. This means that they could be wearable devices or they could be implanted inside the body of the patients. The WBSN used in the WBSN usually consists of the extra body or the intrabody data communication. The data is essentially sent to a personal device from the sensor and afterwards the data is transferred to the server of the healthcare facility. When the data reaches the server, the medical care facility can thus monitor as well as diagnose on the health of that particular patients who has those ailments. The wireless sensor networks usually facilitate the dense spatiotemporal sampling of the physical, cognitive as well as the behavioral process in the spaces that ranges from the personal spaces within the buildings. Some of the application for the WSNs include the data mining for the medical research, patient monitoring, monitoring of the mass casualty disaster, at home monitoring and the medication intake monitoring of the medication the following parts highlights the section of the application. Data mining for the research in medical The wireless sensor networks has become revolutionized in the medical data mining. The body sensor, which has been coupled with the internet-enabled devices, have been continuously enabled in order to collect medical data from a distribution of the subjects as they lead their daily lives (Yang, 2014). The ability of the wireless sensor network usually provide information to the state of the subject that could not be measured for the aid of the assisted computer retrospective techniques for the medical data mining (Yu, Iyer, Kim and Kim, 2004). The purpose of the WSN to the data mining has become prominent in a way that medical institution have hatched plans in order to deploy sensing tools to measure objectively the measure to exposure to the environment. As individuals age, there is usually a decline to their ability of the sensory as well as the motor capabilities (Buettner,Yee, Anderson and Han, 2006). A point is usually reached where they could not take care of themselves and they may require assistance in order to carry their daily living. Based on Ko et al (2010) there is usually an emergency of the new intelligent assistive devices which harness information in regards to information to the patients both the physical as well as the physiological states through which the sensor that are embedded in the device worn or perhaps the implant to the patients and the surrounding. The wireless sensing technology has helped in the development and the assistive of the device with the features that are added such as the way of finding as well as navigation (Lewis, 2004). There are some system, which have been developed to help with the issue of the aged care. They are essentially developed in order to monitor the activities of the individua ls who are elderly such as watching television, or sleeping to detect the odd conditions and alert when they may require assistance (Buettner,Yee, Anderson and Han, 2006). Such system could include the work, which has been done by Lu and Fu (2009), and the caregiver assistant developed by Philipose (2004). With the use of these devices, the healthcare professionals are able to notice in any deviations in the activities of the individuals who are elderly and monitor through a careful analysis. An interesting application of the wireless sensors in the healthcare is the use of the HipGuard (Lewis, 2004). It is essentially a posture detection system, which has been designed for the patient who are recovering from the hip replacement operations. This application has been designed to be used at the home especially the period of recovery of around eight to twelve weeks after an operation has been done (Wang and Wang, 2012). There is a point of central processing unit, which is placed on the pants, and it collects as well as analyses on the data from the sensor and this helps to alert the user when the load limit has been reached on the operated hip (Yu, Iyer, Kim and Kim, 2004). The user is essentially alerted through the audible beep, the haptic vibration, or perhaps both depending on the choice of the user. Medication intake of monitoring application One of the phenomenon, which is common to the elderly patient, is the failure of taking medication as and when it is due. Some of these individuals usually forget to take their medication while others could deliberately refuse to do so. The WSNs could be of help especially when it comes to the monitoring of the medication intake of the patients. Some of the prototypes of the system have been done in order to help achieve this. Such prototype is the iPackage (Megerian and Potkonjak, 2003). This system essentially have the capability of performing both the function of the remote medication intake monitoring as well as the vital signs monitoring. The use of this prototype has used an array of the controlled (Delamination, Sivalingam and Znati, 2006). The iPackage usually controls the dosage as well as uses the RFID for the purpose of identification for the correct pill. Certain conditions such as diabetes, cognitive heart failures, obesity as well as the memory loss are some of the ailments, which are difficult to monitor. Individuals who are suffering from any of the conditions should not necessary stay at the hospital (Karl, Mattern and Rm?er, 2006). Taking a role that is active in monitoring could significantly benefit the patients who may be suffering from any of these conditions (Pottie, 1998). The wireless sensors, which are embedded in or perhaps carried on some individuals who may be suffering from these conditions, could be used for the provision of the real time data on their physical as well as psychological states off the patient. The caregivers to make useful inference points on ways on how to manage these conditions could use this (Raghavendra, Sivalingam and Znati, 2006). The use of this data could be used for the early detection as well as intervention. This is an economical way of managing such conditions and other age related ailme nts. Challenges of WSNs in Biomedical There are various challenges, which may prevent optimum utilization of the wireless sensing technologies in the healthcare. Some of the challenges have been explored as below: Energy is one of the major problem, which has been associated with the sensor network. Since the sensor nodes usually relies on the batteries of the power, it can become a problem to provide a stable power to the nodes since the batteries usually run out at some instance (Townsend and Arms, 2005). According to Alemdar (2010), highlighted that use of the rechargeable batteries could be the remedy for the environment in the indoors (Polastre, Szewczyk, Mainwaring, Culler and Anderson, 2004). Nonetheless, they point out they may not work with the individuals who are elderly since they could forget to recharge them. Another challenge of WSNs is the issue of security. This is another critical aspect with the use of the wireless sensor in the biomedicine. The security aspects and the requirements of the wireless sensor based system for monitoring usually advocate confidentiality, accountability as well as the access of control (Mainwaring, Culler, Polastre, Szewczyk and Anderson, 2002). The low power WSN are usually prone to attacks of security due to the reasons such as the strict resources constraint of the sensor devices and the unreliable nature of the low power wireless communication. With such vulnerabilities, it could be possible for the attackers to access the network and they could even modify in order to access the networks rights. This could have consequences such as the patient being denied treatment or perhaps given the wrong treatment (Karl, Mattern and Rm?er, 2006). Another challenge of the wireless sensor monitoring systems in the biomedicine is the aspect of privacy (Ye, Heidemann and Estrin, 2002). Attacker may attack these systems and steal useful information. In order to counter these attacks one could use hybrid schemes. Others have suggested that the use of the laws and the principle of the consents could be used to control the flow of the data to the third parties (Mainwaring, Culler, Polastre, Szewczyk and Anderson, 2002). Moreover, the medical institution could use privacy enhancement technologies in the wireless sensor systems as well as proper implementation of the privacy effects assessments, which are supposed to be carried out by the qualified individual. Prospects of the wireless sensor networks in the biomedical There has been numerous research, which has been carried out in order to overcome the major obstacles of energy, privacy as well as the security issues in the wireless sensor networks. The future will see a rise in the application of the sensing especially for the cancer detection (Guy, 2006). The research work has already been underway in order to develop the sensors to be able to be used in detecting of the cancerous tumors by the equipping these sensor with the ability of distinguishing the different between the types of cells. The wireless biomedical sensors will be used for monitoring of the level of the glucose (Guy, 2006). It has been hoped that instead of picking constantly a finger in the blood, use of a biosensor might monitor the level of the glucose and transmit these results to the wristwatch for example. For the patients who are asthmatic it has been projected the use of the wireless sensor network could be used to monitor the allergic agents which is in the air and thi s could alert the physicians or perhaps the patients themselves in the events there are agents which have trigged an attack in air (Pottie, 1998). Another development, which has been found to be promising, is the plan of incorporating the IP to the WSNs (Karlof and Wagner, 2003). There has been research, which is undergoing in the direction and it has been found to be fruitful from the results that has been gotten. Further, there are research of miniaturizing of the size of the wearable sensor technologies with the use of robots, which is the future prospects for the WSNs in the biomedical. It is from this hope will the life of the patient be made easier and complication caused by the stroke be minimized. Conclusion The wireless sensor technologies have attracted many researchers over the past decade. The reason for this field has been attributed to the benefits, which have been found to accrue through utilization efficiently of the WSNs. The wireless sensor systems usually have been found in the application in the biomedical as well as healthcare, which has been used for gathering of data for the medical research as well as biomedical monitoring. The challenge, which has been associated with the wireless sensor in the biomedical, is surmountable. Due to the large volume of data that has been conducted in this field there is hope to overcome these challenges. There is a great prospect for the wireless sensor in the biomedical. The wireless sensor systems could become ubiquitous and this will alter on the practices of the health sector. The recommendation I could provide is that research effort should be channeled towards the miniaturizing of the biomedical sensors. If it would be possible the sensor were made to be nano-scale dimensions this could make the biomedical sensing systems to be less obstrusive and the mobility of the user provided. References Akyildiz, I.F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y. and Cayirci, E., 2002. Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Computer networks, 38(4), pp.393-422. Al-Karaki, J.N. and Kamal, A.E., 2004. Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey. IEEE wireless communications, 11(6), pp.6-28. Buettner, M., Yee, G.V., Anderson, E. and Han, R., 2006, October. X-MAC: a short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems (pp. 307-320). ACM. Guy, C., 2006, November. Wireless sensor networks. In Sixth International Symposium on Instrumentation and Control Technology: Signal Analysis, Measurement Theory, Photo-Electronic technology, and Artificial Intelligence (pp. 63571I-63571I). International Society for Optics and Photonics. Karlof, C. and Wagner, D., 2003. Secure routing in wireless sensor networks: Attacks and countermeasures. Ad hoc networks, 1(2), pp.293-315. Karl, H., Mattern, F. and Rm?er, K., 2006. Wireless Sensor Networks. Springer-Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg Lewis, F.L., 2004. Wireless sensor networks. Smart environments: technologies, protocols, and applications, pp.11-46. Mainwaring, A., Culler, D., Polastre, J., Szewczyk, R. and Anderson, J., 2002, September. Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications (pp. 88-97). Acm. Megerian, S. and Potkonjak, M., 2003. Wireless sensor networks. Encyclopedia of Telecommunications. Perrig, A., Stankovic, J. and Wagner, D., 2004. Security in wireless sensor networks. Communications of the ACM, 47(6), pp.53-57. Polastre, J., Szewczyk, R., Mainwaring, A., Culler, D. and Anderson, J., 2004. Analysis of wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring. In Wireless sensor networks (pp. 399-423). Springer US. Pottie, G.J., 1998, June. Wireless sensor networks. In Information Theory Workshop, 1998 (pp. 139-140). IEEE. Raghavendra, C.S., Sivalingam, K.M. and Znati, T. eds., 2006. Wireless sensor networks. Springer. Townsend, C. and Arms, S., 2005. Wireless sensor networks. MicroStrain, Inc, 20(9), pp.15-21. Wang, Y.G. and Wang, Z.B., 2012. Wireless sensor networks. Com (3), pp.334-341. Yang, K., 2014. Wireless sensor networks. Principles, Design and Applications. Ye, W., Heidemann, J. and Estrin, D., 2002. An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In INFOCOM 2002. Twenty-first annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies. Proceedings. IEEE (Vol. 3, pp. 1567-1576). IEEE. Yu, H., Iyer, J., Kim, H. and Kim, E.J., 2004. Wireless sensor networks.

brown vs. board of education Essay Example

brown vs. board of education Essay The case that came to be known as Brown v. Board of Education was actually the name given to five separate cases that were heard by the U. S. Supreme Court concerning the issue of segregation in public schools. These cases were Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Briggs v. Elliot, Davis v. Board of Education of Prince Edward County (VA. ), Boiling v. Sharpe, and Gebhart v. Ethel. While the facts of each case are different, the main issue in each was the constitutionality of state-sponsored segregation in public schools. Once again, Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund handled these cases. Although it acknowledged some of the plaintiffs/plaintiffs claims, a three-judge panel at the U. S. District Court that heard the cases ruled in favor of the school boards. The plaintiffs then appealed to the U. S. Supreme Court. When the cases came before the Supreme Court in 1952, the Court consolidated all five cases under the name of Brown v. Board of Education. Marshall personally argued the case before the Court. Although he raised a variety of legal issues on appeal, the most common one was that separate school systems for lacks and whites were inherently unequal, and thus violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. Furthermore, relying on sociological tests, such as the one performed by social scientist Kenneth Clark, and other data, he also argued that segregated school systems had a tendency to make black children feel inferior to white children, and thus such a system should not be legally permissible. We will write a custom essay sample on brown vs. board of education specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on brown vs. board of education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on brown vs. board of education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Meeting to decide the case, the Justices of the Supreme Court realized that they were deeply divided over the issues raised. While most anted to reverse Plessy and declare segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional, they had various reasons for doing so. Unable to come to a solution by June 1953 (the end of the Courts 1952-1953 term), the Court decided to rehear the case in December 1953. During the intervening months, however, Chief Justice Fred Vinson died and was replaced by Gov. Earl Warren of California. After the case was reheard in 1953, Chief Justice Warren was able to do something that his predecessor had not†i. . bring all of the Justices to agree to support a unanimous decision eclaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional. On May 14, 1954, he delivered the opinion of the Court, stating that We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.. E xpecting opposition to its ruling, especially in the southern states, the Supreme Court did not immediately try to give direction for the implementation of its ruling. Rather, it asked the attorney generals of all states with laws permitting segregation in their public schools to submit plans or how to proceed with desegregation. After still more hearings before the Court concerning the matter of desegregation, on May 31, 1955, the Justices handed down a plan for how it was to proceed; desegregation was to proceed with all deliberate speed. Although it would be many years before all segregated school systems were to be desegregated, Brown and Brown II (as the Courts plan for how to desegregate schools came to be called) were responsible for getting the process underway. Facts This case is a consolidation of several different cases from Kansas, South Carolina, Vlrglnla, ana Delaware. several DlacK cn llaren (tnrougn tnelr legal representatlves, Ps sought admission to public schools that required or permitted segregation based on race. The plaintiffs alleged that segregation was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In all but one case, a three Judge federal district court cited Plessy v. Ferguson in denying relief under the separate but equal doctrine. On appeal to the Supreme Court, the plaintiffs contended that segregated schools were not and could not be made equal and that they were herefore deprived of equal protection of the laws. Issue Is the race-based segregation of children into separate but equal public schools constitutional? Holding and Rule (Warren) No. The race-based segregation of children into separate but equal public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and is unconstitutional. Segregation of children in the public schools solely on the basis of race denies to black children the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, even though the physical facilities and other may be equal. Education in public schools is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. The question presented in these cases must be determined not on the basis of conditions existing when the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted, but in the light of the role of public education in American life today. The separate but equal doctrine adopted in Plessy v. Ferguson, which applied to transportation, has no place in the field of public education. Separating black children from others solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that ay affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. The impact of segregation is greater when it has the sanction of law. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law tends to impede the educational and mental development of black children and deprives them of some of the benefits they would receive in an integrated school system. Essay Brown v. Board of Education The case of brown v. board of education was one of the biggest turning points for African Americans to becoming accepted into white society at the time. Brown vs. Board of education to this day remains one of, if not the most important cases that African Americans have brought to the surface for the better of the United States. Brown v. Board of Education was not simply about children and education (Silent Covenants pg 1 1); it was about being equal in a society that claims African Americans were treated equal, when in fact they were definitely not. This case was the starting point for many Americans to realize that separate but equal did not work. The separate but equal label did not make sense either, the circumstances were clearly not separate but equal. Brown v. Board of Education brought this out, this case was the reason that blacks and whites no longer have separate restrooms and water fountains, this was the case that truly destroyed the saying separate but equal, Brown vs. Board of education truly made everyone equal. The case started in Topeka, Kansas, a black third-grader named Linda Brown had to walk one mile through a railroad switchyard to get to her black elementary school, even though a white elementary school was only seven blocks away. Lindas father, Oliver Brown, tried to enroll ner In tne wnlte elementary scnool seven DlocKs Trom ner nouse, out tne rincipal of the school refused simply because the child was black. Brown went to McKinley Burnett, the head of Topekas branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and asked for help (All Deliberate Speed pg 23). The NAACP was eager to assist the Browns, as it had long wanted to challenge segregation in public schools. The NAACP was looking for a case like this because they fgured if they could Just expose what had really been going on in separate but equal society that the circumstances really were not separate but equal.

American Revolution Essays

American Revolution Essays American Revolution Essay American Revolution Essay Fearing the French gaining the per hand, the British not only tried to bribe the Iroquois to their side with goods, but also at tempted to create an international confederation, which they hoped would unify the colonies a ND provide a systematic and mutual defense system. As the Seven Yeas War began in America, one of the first British offensives w as an attack on Fort Duquesne by General Edward Bradford and his 2,200 men in 1 755. However, a coalition of French and Indian forces assaulted the British force, and after he ivy losses and the death of Bradford, the British forces retreated. With the retreat, Franchised Indians began attacking the borders Of the colonies, effectively halting both the war effort as well as expansion for three years. The French and Indians took both Fort Owes and Fort William m Henry, and with these gains, they now held a much better position over the British, both n Europe and America. However, the tides turned when the Iroquois began to fear that the French were getting too powerful, and they resigned from fighting, which also caused many of the other Indian tribes to stop and/ or switch sides. Also, William Pit became the leader of the military sect of the British cabinet. Pit rallied the colonists into fighting through offering to pay of r the war debt, which generated over 40,000 new soldiers. With fresh, new soldiers, the tide o f the battle turned, as the British took back their lost lands, and after driving the French out of the e colonies they captured Montreal in 1759. Don 2 These defeats forced the French to negotiate terms for land distribution in No Roth America. However, the French did try to launch a recapture, which failed miserably. Aft rewards, the British and French agreed that France was to give up all of the land east of the Mississippi to Britain. It was not only France and Britain in the talks, however, as Spain was also involved. A series of trades then began. Spain would take all lands west Of Louisiana from the French, and would give Britain control of Florida in exchange for Cuba. At the end of it all, both Britain and Spain had massive land holdings, and the French only had tiny spots of territory rye in the Caribbean and islands in North America. French subjects, who did not support their new British rulers, were forced out, and most of them went to Louisiana, and became Cajuns. 2. Imperial Revenues and Reorganization, 17601766 In the aftermath of the Seven Years War, the British sought a way to strength en and pay for their now much larger empire. The British government passed Acts, such a s the Stamp Act, to generate money. However, the colonists did not like these newfound taxes, and protested, sometimes violently. Throughout the war, there were tensions between British and Colonial troops , with each feeling that the other was somehow in the wrong. The British felt that the cool nail troops were unrecognized and ungrateful, and the Colonial troops felt the British were stuck k up. The British ere also angry that the colonists were free from paying the debts of the war, as the debt in England skyrocketed. However, because colonists were spending so much on British goods, the price of which had risen during wartime, they also fell into debt. With this cam e much suspicion of Britain purposely putting the colonists into this situation. These were not the e only tensions that arose after the war. Many Natives, fearing that the British would take their Ian d and enslave them, attacked British forts and raised an antibiotics sentiment. Pontiac Rebel lion, as it was now, was ultimately a failure, as the the British crushed them with help fro m smallpox and other factors. King George also proclaimed that all of the land west of the App Alsatians was now under royal rule, and that the Indians could either give them up to the British or leave. However, this Proclamation of 1763 angered the colonists in that it felt that the royal c rowan had suddenly taken all of their claims to the west, instead of giving them back to the colonies s. Finally, with this uprising came the governments decision to station 1 0,000 British troops n the new lands. This would cost a heavy amount of money, and Parliament wanted the colonic SST to help pay. This, combined with the colonists idea of the standing army in their lands, g eve way to more tensions between the colonists and the British government. To stop illegal trade with foreign nations, the British government allowed fort heir authorities in the colonies to apply a writ of assistance which allowed for the seizing of illegal goods (basically a search warrant). However, many colonists considered this d comment Don 3 unconstitutional as it did not require any evidence or suspicion, which mean t that anybody, at NY time, could be searched. Smugglers in Boston quickly reacted to this act, and appointed James Otis to argue against it. Otis argued that it was indeed unconstitutional, and thus that made the act void. However, Parliament ruled against Otis, and he lost the case. No nonetheless, this case brought forth a very important point; that the government had no power to in fringe the rights off man under the Constitution. The Sugar Act was passed in 1764 as another way to help raise money for the expenses of the war. The Sugar Act presented a tax on all molasses and sugar entering t he colonies from the West Indies. However, with the Navigation Acts already in play, the colonic TTS still decided to import the cheap molasses from the French. Even though Parliament knew the is, they did not immediately take action. The Sugar Act was also very complicated in its ways. First of all, it basically stated that any good that went through Britain first could then be shih peed to other countries, which effectively voided the Navigation Acts. Parliament saw this as beneficial to Britain, as they believed it would bring in more trading out of British ports rat her than say French ports. Also, because there were newfound requirements, such as a m altitude of papers and forms that a captain had to fill out, many ships could be searched due to a technical error, not necessarily for the captain doing anything wrong. Because the Sugar Act was enforced so heavily, many ships were searched. In the end, Parliament lowered the tax to I sees than a penny, which helped to deter some smugglers. The impact of the Stamp Act was that many colonists were now aware of the growing number of policies and bills pushed onto the m by Parliament. Although the Sugar Act did raise some revenue, Britain was still in massive De bet. So, to try to relieve more debt they passed the Stamp Act in 1765. The Stamp Act WA s an act that required any colonists who wanted to create or sign a document (newspaper, licenses, buying land etc. ) to buy a stamped paper. The Stamp Act immediately had a much liar egger impact on the colonists as compared to the Sugar Act, as it applied to almost all of the colonic SST, instead of just merchants and traders. William Pit argued that Parliament couldnt tax British h subjects who did not have representation in Parliament. George Greenville, the British Prime Mi mister, agreed, but also stated that they had Virtual representation in Parliament, and thus cool d be taxed. Colonists agreed that this act infringed on their political autonomy. Obviously Parliament and the colonists had different ideas about the sloganeering of the colonies. Note heelless, the Stamp Act caused much backlash within the colonies. Many colonists had similar opinions on the Stamp Act. The majority of colonic TTS were upset by the tax itself, and the trivial idea of Virtual representation. Patrick H energy, a lawyer out of Virginia, sparked more support against this act. Henry requested that the Vi ragging House of Burgesses to deny parliaments taxation Of the colonies through a series Of w ell worded resolutions. Henry drafted some of these resolutions, and passed them to Par lineament, but he did Don 4 not have much success. Parliament was unimpressed and somewhat offended d by Henrys strong language towards them. However, to the everyday man not involved in politic s, Henrys resolutions sounded very strong. In Boston, where common people were in a poor situation, these resolutions brought forth a revolutionary fire. Many of the citizens of Boo stone had seen dramatic decrease in profits and overall wealth, due to numerous factors. So me of these factors were taxes, like the Navigation and Sugar Acts, as well as the loss of industry t other colonies. Bostonians heavily, and sometimes violently, resisted the Stamp Act. Through out the colonies, groups of men, known as the Sons of Liberty formed to help foster more pr tests, although they did keep the protests from getting too violent. In 1765 some colonial rep restoratives met at the Stamp Act Congress, to discuss the authority of Parliament over the colonic sees. They agreed that Parliament did lack authority to tax the colonies. As riots continued, royal agents as well as stamp distributors were rejecting to do their jobs. Colonial elites, fearing a ever y violent outcome, ride to restore businesses and local trade to how it was. Many colonists tried to force the Stamp Act to be repealed, as was seen in New York, where merchants decided to not buy any British goods. These boycotts and riots caused panic in Britain. In Parliament, the prime minister was reluctant to repeal the law because so many of the British elites were furious at the colonists refusal. Parliament attempted to s WAP out the Stamp Act for a Declaratory Act, which stated that Parliament could in fact legislate f or the colonies. In Parliaments eyes, this was an affirmation of their power over the colonies. Ho waver, the colonists interpreted this Declaratory Act as that similar to Ireland, where the y could be exempt of taxes. However, Parliament argued that it should not be taken so literally. I n the end, most colonists were simply happier at the repellent of the Stamp Act than the pa sing of the Declaratory Act. In the wake of the chaos caused by the Stamp Act, many colonists began to q question the authority of Parliament. Because of the common mans involvement in govern meet affairs during the Stamp Act, many of these common people began to actually pay at attention to the government. The writings of En lightened thinkers, such as John Locke, and the ideas in his writings, became more common and widespread throughout the colonies. A g roof called the opposition sits arose, who questioned the motives of Parliament, and argued t hat they did not adequately embody the ideals of government. The combination of Enlighten meet ideas as well as the hatred of the British helped to spread antibiotics feelings around the cool nines. Samuel Adams combined the ideas of republicanism with religion, which bolstered his following. Puritan Church leaders cried for God and liberty which further boosted the message f revolution. With almost every colonist surrounded by these constant ideas about the Tara any of the British, it was hard not to be sucked into the revolutionary feel. Don 5 3. Resistance Resumes, 17661770 As the resistance to the Stamp Act died down after its repeal, more problems were instigated by other acts. For example, the Quartering Act required the colonies s to pay for housing and goods for soldiers. Because the colonial assemblies had agreed that only they could create unreasoning ventures, this act furthered the idea of Britains tyranny, as Bruit main was forcing another act upon the colonies. New York in particular boycotted this act, but P reliant was swift to pass the New York Suspending Act, which said that New York would n to be able to pass laws. Although New York did come to terms with the Quartering Act, it shows d that British officials were becoming much more stern in how they would enforce these AC TTS. Britains problems with taxes and debt posed problems for the colonies too. B cause Britain still wanted to raise more money to soothe their debt, they tried once more to take advantage of the colonies demands. Parliament passed the Revenue Act in 17 67 which taxed the imported goods to the colonies. Earlier, the colonists were more concerned a bout direct internal taxes, but had not stated much regarding import taxes. The colonists saw this Act as similar to the Stamp Act in that it acted simply as a way to increase prices to get more m none. However, the main point of the Revenue Act was a way to pay for royal officials in the co Monies, so that they would be exempt of the colonial assemblies power. This would then tip t he balance of power from the colonial assemblies to the relationships officials. At first, the colonists had little resistance to this act, until John Dickinson wrote e a number f points saying why it was unjust. He stated that it was unjust to tax something nag simply to make revenue. Following Dickinson writings, James Otis urged the Massachusetts c nuncio to oppose the Revenue Act. The resolutions were drafted by Samuel Adams, and stated t hat taxation without representation was unjust and that there was a threat to sloganeer once by the independence of royal officials. This was then passed to the Virginia assembly , which also agreed to the points. However, a new British official, Lord Hillsboro, was a appointed to get the assemblies to destroy the letter. This backfired, as many of the other cool sees assemblies took up the letter as a sign of protest against Hillsboro. To get Parliament to repeal the Revenue Act, Bostonians once again boycotted, this time against importation. As this non importation agreement? spread, more and more people backed the repeal NT of the Revenue Act. The Sons of Liberty also resumed in their efforts. Ultimately the boycott o f imports pushed colonists to resist more and more British policies. Merchants and traders in Britain were very upset with the American boycotts, as around 40 percent of their exports to America were effectively nullified. Now that Poe pale in England ere affected, a movement against the policies Of King George arose, and was led by John Don 6 Wilkes. Wilkes wrote his newspaper which shamed and defaced King Georges policies, and multiple warrants went out for his arrest. Wilkes fled England, but when he re turned, he ran for Parliament. After a series of escapes from the King, Wilkes was elected to Partial amend but then arrested. People in America, after hearing what he did, raised money to pay f or his debts. He became famous in America for his defense of liberty. As the colonists upheld their policy of non importation, white women and thee r role in society began to change. Because the number of white women in churches o outnumbered the men, the Church was a great area for women to gather spread ideas. Women also s purported their husbands in their endeavors, such as boycotting drinking tea. Women enforce d the boycotts of the colonists within their own households, which helped the spread of these ideas. When the colonists began to boycott English clothing, women took charge to make their own clothing, with one example being that they organized spinning bees. It was evident that the us port of women behind men really bolstered the feeling of resistance within the colonies. Apart from the Revenue Acts, the British Parliament also sought to further Neff Orca the Navigation Acts. Parliament passed an act that allowed for more customs office ills along the docks, and these officials, along with informers, were given quite a bit of pop err over the merchants. Because these port officials could simply search and seize any s hip, many merchants, who were trying to boycott English goods, found it hard to smuggle e any foreign goods in. Merchants looked down upon these informers and commissioners, as they received heavy fines if they were caught smuggling. In Boston, merchants rebelled gaga SST these commissioners after John Hammocks ship was searched. 4. The Deepening crisis, 17701774 Hammocks backlash against the Acts provoked a worse response from Britain. Later on, Britain sent 4,000 troops to occupy Boston, and the citizens frowned at their a arrival. Bostonians now did not feel independent, rather like prisoners of war. Soldiers looked do win upon the citizens, and vice versa. Tensions grew between the two sides, and at one poi NT a child was shot by a customs informer. This escalated tensions to the point of the Boston Mass sacred, where Crisps Attacks led a group to protest at the customs office. Attacks and four other people died after the guards fired upon the crowd. Afterwards, the guards who had killed the citizens only received a slight punishment. The colonists began fabricating ideas that the the e British government would begin to suppress their freedom through brute force. With a change Of prime ministers, Britain tried to ease tensions with the colon sits a bit more. The new prime minister, Lord North, offered to repeal most of the Tow unshed Acts, but Don 7 would keep the tea tax. The colonists, however, still boycotted the tea. Partial meet decided to pep the tax on tea despite the continual resistance of the colonies. To try to fund the paychecks Of the relationships ambassadors, parliament t decided to fund them through the money made off customs. The colonists knew that have ins independent governors was not beneficial for their own internal governments, which is who y they created committees of correspondence which exchanged information regarding cool animal rights with one another.

Marketing and Communication Plan for Hilton Hotel Case Study

Marketing and Communication Plan for Hilton Hotel - Case Study Example Maintaining relationship with customers is highly impossible for a firm unless it has an efficient marketing system. The marketing system should be planned and executed in such a manner that existing customers are retained and new customers are created. In this context, Hilton Hotel has approached us to prepare a report on the present marketing system and finds the possibilities of developing a new marketing and communication plan for the firm. After an analysis of the present system of marketing, promotional activities, advertisement, marketing plan and communication system, a detailed report is prepared and presented as indicated by the client. The report contains the proposed plans of promotion, advertising and communication of marketing information which are to be implemented to realize the cherished goal. Increased competition has urged all business organizations to focus their attention to existing operations with utmost care so as to ensure survival and existence in the globalised market. All entities are facing stiff competition that pave the way for restructuring their strategies and finding new markets and customers. The well known fact 'customers are the king' will never get diluted as the very existence of business organization depends solely on customers and their satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is the blend of series of successful marketing efforts by an organization. The marketing efforts include a complex mix of many activities such as promotion, advertisement, marketing planning and communication and so on. To achieve the goal of marketing,-customer satisfaction- business has to endlessly put efforts to develop new and improved marketing strategies and implement the same to reach customers and effect sales. The Present Marketing System Hilton Hotel, started its journey back in 1919, has become one of the favorite brand of business and leisure travelers worldwide. The hotel group has grown to a network of more than 500 hotels and resorts in almost all major cities across the world. The hotel group has achieved many mile stones in its journey to become the perfect companion of travelers all over the world. It is evident from their growth that the marketing strategies of the hotels have been successful since its inception. They have been trying to adapt to the changing business environment and to flourish in a competitive market. Target market and segmentation Hilton Hotel group mainly focus on business and leisure travelers who are from different parts of the world. The target market has been segmented on the basis of customer class and type of journey. Business executives usually prefer economy class who budget their travel and accommodation well before tour is fixed. But, leisure travelers prefer luxury and executive class where they need high class service irrespective of the price. Product Life Cycle and Marketing Communication The hotel has already achieved its growth stage as it has been in existence for many years. In fact, when its product life cycle stage is considered as a whole, the hotel is in its saturation stage where it faces stiff competition from similar hotels. Marketing communication at this stage is very important. When there are many hotels to meet limited demand in the market, it is likely that customers may not know about the new products

LinkedIn Profile building for a vacancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LinkedIn Profile building for a vacancy - Essay Example My experience in being a team leader has taught me the importance of understanding one’s audience when setting goals, tasks and understanding the needs of the client. I also possess excellent communication skills that are vital in virtual business communications that are key to business success. I also possess excellent drawing and design abilities, and have a long range of experience in developing prototypes. Working with teams have also equipped me with the necessary team contribution and team leadership experience that allows me to develop functional working units within all departments I head. My management style involves the selection of partners who not only match one’s ambition, but also his or her abilities allowing him or her to interact with the team members at the same pace. I hold a Bachelor’s Degree in Design from (x and y) University. I have been working with various design organizations for over 15 years. I am excellent with designing any prototype, despite how unrealistic it might conventionally seem. I also possess excellent research and analytical skills that could come in handy when dealing with large statistics. I have a yearning for growth and enjoy nurturing projects and organizations. Having worked with an international organization, I also possess the vital global strategy skills required in expanding the contemporary

BMW new change program Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BMW new change program - Case Study Example Also we can observe that the management also has redesigned the job of the workers. The hierarchical structure has been diminished and the teams hold more responsibility. Eventually, this will create new challenges for the members of the team. There is also evidence that the jobs of the workers no longer involve monotonous tasks. The jobs of the team members are halved so that they can concentrate on the development of the team. Every fortnight the team members talk for 45 minutes to solve problems and to gather new ideas. The assembly line workers who were previously responsible only in the production levels were now having additional roles in tackling problems and suggesting solutions which has resulted in huge gains for the organization. By making the job more challenging and providing opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility and growth, the job itself becomes a source of motivation. b) The management of BMW has taken the approach to maintain the hygiene and motivational factors as suggested by Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory. In this theory, Herzberg explains that there are hygiene factors, which are not intrinsic part of the job but the conditions under which a job is performed. These factors do not help in the improvement of efficiency of the organization, but they prevent losses in the performance of the workers. These factors help in maintaining a reasonable level of output from the workers. At BMW the hygiene factors are already well established. Hence, to heave a motivated workforce, the management decided to improve the motivational factors such as increasing the responsibility, achievement and recognition. By dividing the workers into teams and empowering them to solve problems and make decisions, the management has increased the presence of motivational factors in the organization. The jobs of the workers now include a variety of tasks and the formal structures have given way to more people oriented teams. This creates job enrichment. The idea of maintaining the motivational factors hs lead to job rotation, job enrichment and job enlargement, which has benefitted the company to a major extent. By increasing the scope of responsibility and recognition the management has created more value to the job of the assembly line worker. The Herzberg's approach can often motivate the members to achieve new heights which the human resource policies fail to achieve. c) Working in groups benefits both the employees and the organization. For the employees it is very useful by creating a participatory work environment. At BMW, the management also takes part in the production process, hence the environment of participatory work is established. Next, there is improved organizational processes and procedures. The teams are empowered to make decisions, hence the processes and procedures followed become more effective. The worker satisfaction is increased because of the additional roles played by the team members. Working in empower teams helps to establish a positive work environment which gives room for better human relationships. Hence, this helps the workers to reduce stress, increase shares responsibility and trust amount the members of the team thus increasing the quality of the work life. Also, the workers are made to attend workshops and training programs by the management, which gives them opportunity to develop themselves. For the

Problems For Multinational Cooperations In Host Country Economics Essay

Problems For Multinational Cooperations In Host Country Economics Essay Introduction The existence and the account of the transnational corporations are established and can be founded far early then globalization, which took place in the nineties, but has opened the doors for more distinguished, liberalized the free trade across the globe (Gray 1993). The transnational corporation plays an essential role that holds the main pillars in shaping the dynamics of world trade and the economy of the host country in this current globalized world (Hesketh 2010). Today a large number of crown organizations are the transnational enterprises. These corporations have a fundamental factor that influences trade, concerns with technology, finance and foreign direct investments in the host as well as the home country. These forces regulate frames and direct the economic growth and development of the states in which they operate. (Gray 1993) The transnational corporations are many a time described as the organization with dual face. One side where they are respected and cherished as an model of income to enlarge the local economy by the FDI, and on the other side they are blamed as selfish and hungry organization who aims for only the volume of their income rather than the gains to the economy where they operate. The impact of these factors affects the economy and social interests on the government, demographic factors, businesses as well as on the foreign-owned firms. The power and the influence of the transnational corporation on the government and the marketplace, make the monopolist businesses in an economy go behind them or form an alliance with the transnational corporation and leads to their success and progress in competence in the host countries. (Harrison 2000) Alan. M. (2009) and Andrew. H. (2000) defines transnational corporation or multinational corporation as an enterprise that has its headquarters in one country or home country, but manages production or operation of its services in one or more other countries or the host countries. The transnational corporations are the firm who structures its management, strategy, have ownership, directs geographical diversification and operations globally (John. H. 1993). They influence the economy with potential that are designed with numerous possibilities that are fundamental for developed as well as developing countries. This includes capital, competency or skills, technology or processes, exports, and infrastructure that are deliberate for developing their competitiveness (Worasinchai 2009). For example, Uniliver has its headquarters at Rotterdam in Netherlands the home country and today holds a larger portion of their business of numerous consumer product brands operating throughout the world or in host countries, in foods, beverages and personal care products (Hesketh 2010). They have their brand name also design their products and services according to the market and the trends in that economy. Scope of the activities of the transnational corporations Firms those acquire more than quarter of its revenue from their operations generated outside of its home country can be termed as transnational corporation (Makwana 2006). The transnational corporations are habitually dispersing firms. They have a powerful home country presence and a fine management and authority with a broad and centralized facilitate on their parent firms. They attain this by cost benefit throughout central production plant where cheaper resources are easily accessible; have technical expertise to improve the management system and the productivity. (Gray 1993) The transnational corporations expand and prosper exceptional in an economy with dynamic marketplace that determine the low-priced and superiority of goods with respect to production, price and supply of goods and services in a host country (Karl 2003). The strategies of the multinational corporation brings along the reality that they hide is they indirectly establish an outlook to the economy by dominating government, economists and domestic industrialists to attain their interests (Markusen 1995). The transnational corporation is threat to the sovereignty to the host country in many aspects. Following are some barriers that are currently faced by almost every host country. Transfer of technological or processes- The transnational corporation may be a threat to an economy, as they can bring along a low-grade or incompatible technology in the host country (Makwana 2006). For instance, the transnational corporations brings along with them technology, equipment, approach and expertise that are not required in that host country. The firms do this in order to get the best possible benefits from a host country even if there is no assistance of their operation to that economy. This is done by introducing production methods along with sophisticated machinery that is not of any interest to the host country and may need skillful labor and auxiliary industries that are not available in that country (Passani 2009). Further dilemma with the transfer of the technology will make the transnational corporation to dominate the domestic industry by the means of technological advantage or technological dependency, which may bring a fall in research and development if they are outsourced. This can be anticipated by the transnational corporation through introducing modern tools, knowledge and machinery for creating an obstacle to the local businesses that cannot create or purchase these facilities (Kevin 1998). This might result in eradication of some small businesses in the host country thereby leading to monopoly, which is not fruitful for any economy to thrive. Influence of the trade policy and trade agreements The multinational corporation plays a vital role in shaping the trade policies and trade agreements of the host country. Trade policies are the set of rules and regulations that are concerned to the entire states involved in international trade (Kumar 2008). Trade policy comprise of import and export taxes, inspection regulations, tariffs, and quotas. These policies are framework for a flexible coordination of trade activities to make trade in smooth flow, set clear principles and standards that can be understand by the businesses as well as its clients (Rugman.M. 2009). Although they are not practically always accomplished. The developed nations will always restrict the trade activities with the developing as well as underdeveloped nations to limit and dominate trade (Kumar 2008). The transnational corporations try to take advantage of the trade policies by industrial domination and using this distinctive rights advantage to frame concessions from the government of the host country. The traffic and duties barriers create a restriction and prohibit the trade activities by slowing the process of import or by establishing standards that will exclude the foreign goods (Rugman.M. 2009). Their pressure on the host government may influence the economic as well as the political policies to shape for the more interest of the multinational corporation. This may neglect the domestic industries and make them further more inflexible (Makwana 2006). The trade policies in support of Multinational Corporation may restrict the host country to produce goods only for domestic market and restrict the exports. These corporations may also For example- IN 2007, according to the Boston Globe report, South Korea had exported 700,000 cars to the United States. While U.S. carmakers sold around 6,000 crankshafts to South Korea. This resulted a trade deficit to U.S. of around 80 percent of $13 billion with South Korea. The free trade agreement under which the Balance of Trade to U.S. was deficit and made U.S. to restrict import of cars from South Korea in next year (Moor 2007). Cultural impact on the MNCS In the pursuit of the economies of scale and be a competent organization in every aspect, transnational corporation creates a diversity and clashes in different geographical and local cultures in dissimilar as well as same nations (Harrison. A. 2000). Today transnational corporations have to acknowledge with the reality of cultural diversity in different aspects. The companies bring along with them new technology, work practices and challenging the management beliefs and transmits them in host countries (Gray 1993). Rugman (2009 p. 47) Cultural dissimilarity often makes the multinational organization for merger and acquisitions. This may enforce the new style of management and operations on the economy or the economy may restrict the sovereignty and the independence of the cultural norms and organizational goals on the corporation with their traditional beliefs. (Rugman.A. 2009) For example- McDonalds is one of the leading fast food chains with a worldwide presence. They are operating around 118 countries worldwide. Different countries have a different outlook for the services provided by them (McDonalds 2010). In UK, MacDonald is blamed as an unhealthy food chain that is responsible for rise in obesity and employment without prospects. While in Muslim countries like Malaysia, the bacon is not served in McDonalds burgers as pork is not permitted under Islamic dietary law (McDonalds 1940). This shows the effect on the organization as well as on economy because of cultural crash. The culture diversity may influence on the face-to-face or on company-to-company operations, dealing in different clusters around the globe (Markusen 1995). Cost advantage (e.g. Low cost) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) agreement designed for liberated trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico made it potential for many U.S. manufacturers to shift their employment to lower-cost countries like Mexico in order to achieve competitive labor-cost advantage (NAFTA. 2010). This restricts the multinational corporation to expand more in their choice of environments where they can make substantial benefits and forcefully invest the resources abroad. Availability of quality goods and services in the host country Many- a-times, businesses in a host country may be chiefly designed for export market. Although in some places the organizations make investments in order to increase their access in the host country market in order to decrease the trade barriers (Gray 1993). For example- Honda, Japanese car manufacturers made investments in UK for their production of cars, has facilitated them to acquire a platform in the EU in order to avoid tariff barriers (Nag 2007). The availability of resources in foreign market has made access to high quality goods at low-prices and the rivalry created, has made the organization to improvements in working practices, prices and quality in other related industries and forced the industries to make huge investments to attain these resources (Karl 2003). Influence of Government regulations and bodies The international business along with it benefits, makes the countries involved to reveal on the rationale for the dreadful effect of the trade activities in their economy. The government does the monitoring of the activities by setting up bodies and agencies that control and monitor the trade activity and the flow of these resources (AFTA). World Trade Organization (1995) acts as a body to liberalize and encourage the world trade. However, there is no transparency of the decisions made by WTO, which has made it complex for the multinational corporation to operate in the nation, which is not a Most Favored Nation (MFN) (WTO. 2010). The free trade through negotiations has always forced the MNCs to face in almost every regional and international clash. The problem of exchange rate also has an essential part for the MNCs in the host countries. The exchange rate may affect the import surplus, inflation or deflation of currency rates and risking the organization many a times in debts (IMF, 2010). Role of Foreign direct investment The foreign direct investment (FDI) involves a long-term contract between the organization and the government and hence has a huge impact on an economy. The FDI bring about transformation and involvement in management, joint venture, modification of technology with expertise with the foreign assets or foreign investment (Markusen 1995). FDI are channels of technology spillover. These leaks may occur as; a firm may hire an employee from a rival firm that has acquaintance about the technology that is used and bond in fraudulent practices (Markusen 1995). For example- Flextronics is worlds leading contract electronics firm, took over C-Mac industries of Canada in order to acquire C-Mac expertise in assembling the components of their new products (WTO. 2010). Economic exploitation Role of freedom and peace plays an dominant role on the organization as well as on the host government. The exploitation of the foreign organization of the government of the host country may influence in terms of trade policies, labor, FDI and exploit the trade activities (Kevin 1998). Restriction but both by the MNCS and the host government bounds the circumstances and limitations to the trade operations and infringe the market principles by making the small firms to operate in that market of go for overseas trade (Kumar 2008). The exploitation has also affected the employment, where the new principles positioned for generating high profits have dominated the salary and the opportunities of the lowest to the highest profession in the number of the employees as well as on their wages. Item B GLOBALIZATION OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION (Johnson 2008) Introduction What is globalization of education Globalization of education is to pursue, instruct and build a qualified as well as skilled labor work force, while creating awareness to gain know-how and acquaintance from other education institutions around the globe along with global businesses demands (Hamilton 2009). Today globalization has posed a model pursued by diverse cultures to practice superior education; make awareness and expertise the inhabitants to seek for knowledge from other higher education intuitions (Raby 2009). Globalization of education is bring about the creation and alliance and interconnections between states education systems that usually understands the process and structure in which barriers separating different regions of the world education establishment are reduced or removed (Daun 2007). Globalization today is a complex issue for many community universities around the world and is at present observed as crucial to every nations competitiveness to raise their standard of living. These days universally, higher education structure, policies and establishment are being transformed by globalization. This is broadening along with growing and speeding up of global interlinks between the higher universities (Daniel 2010). University education is now more globally open other than most of the sectors because of its transparency and widespread arena immense knowledge along with massive market demand of educated personnel as well as global customers, which now shows significantly more respect between the juridical borders worldwide (Elaine 2010). Evolution of the university education since globalization has transformed and influenced largely on the intuitional schooling techniques as taking into action the challenges with the openings that are primary element of the present global world since they are regularly developing to supply new principle to the rapid changing internationalization and schooling the inhabitants (Hamilton 2009). The Globalization of the education brings about the changing customs in the university education and is concerned to shifting between universities. This brings the idea of how university education will anticipate the future opportunity and bring together in front a mixture of the finest philosopher and bright brains throughout the globe for one intention (Amaral 2009). Globalization of the education can be illustrated at present in the diverse world where the higher as well as the small institutions and universities apply to complex university systems to global online university for new opportunities, modernism forces and trends in higher education on the following aspects. Market globalization The globalization of market, which was earlier, unnoticed during early 1980s, is the foremost concerned subject of every economy worldwide. This has amplified the commerce of the gross world merchandise nearly double when compared in the 1990 of 15% to nearly 37% in the recent years (Daun 2007). The foreign direct investment funds have also increased significantly in the last 20 years (Knust 2009). The recent liberalization of the trade and policies has laid a structure for every economy to develop and react vitally to the volume and competitiveness of the businesses and trade from countries worldwide. In the rapidity globalization of the market, internet has played crucial role in shaping the business worldwide to construct a low cost establishment for communication and businesses activities to draw, persuade and engage the target consumers in a appropriate approach. Market driver Globalization has directed the economies, education and rituals followed by dissimilar states to internationalize and spread of market needs between diverse nations over the globe. This has facilitated the spread of knowledge along with understanding of different practices in the markets and assisted as a principal footstep for the development of the nations (Pamela 2010). The globalization of the market drivers can be categorized under- Similar customer needs and tastes Customer desires depend on how the corporation or institutes segment their markets and demands. In the course of selecting among the rival goods and services, consumers choose the preference that can facilitate and fulfill their requirements and are superior to competitors products (Raby 2009). In the marketing where the consumers search for distinct product or service that have different needs and segments in the same product chain, the trader tries to split the product according to the customers needs by splitting the identical products and requirements into personal preferences. This never-ending demand of dissimilar choices has made the companies to promote and spread their distinctive products worldwide. To capture and establish their presence the companies need trained and skillful workforce (John 2009). The different market demand and requisite make it obligatory for the universities education to gain more knowledge and awareness in their teaching around the world (Amaral 2009). Fresh and towering ideas and inclination of the nations trade and their close partnership between the education and industries makes the globalization of the higher education compulsory universally (Knust 2009). 7. Global customers Today every professor and superior administrators is awake and remain acknowledged about the movement of commerce and advertising into education as the trade activities and the reach of the global consumers is shaping the economy growth (Daniel 2010). The reach of the global teaching hence plays a crucial role in fulfilling the diverse customers needs and more over recognize the different aspiration in different states. The Multinational companies who play a key role in the globalization of trade, for their elastic operation globally involve managing their interactions with international customers in a worldwide-incorporated model where the different preferences in design, taste, color, shape and other dimensions to the product are designed to dissimilar target customers (Daun 2007). Transferable markets Nowadays the infinite market demand in terms of product or services or in the field of education is immense. To fulfill the market demand the trader and intuitions tries to be flexible and make it flexible to relocate from one market into other in order to sustain the market share and meet the rising competition (Daniel 2010). The activities of the 2002 where the enclosure of staff and students in decision-making, the governance deliberated the change toward concern of effectiveness and responsibility emphasized the introduction of New Public Management (NPM). This altered the structure and policy processes of public bodies in an effort to make them more efficient and effective to serve the high market requirements that aided the graduates and the business to interact directly for employment (Grant 1997). Dell recognized as devoted brand for its distinctive market share to supply technology at inexpensive and handy to its customers and intuitions around the world to take advantage of the vast economic and social benefits by, managing the customers demand by using customer direct model and bring low-price in the markets, expand the global employment to meet the diverse ideas and expertise and bring desirable employment worldwide economies. (Dell 2004) 8. Globalization of competition Globalization of the competition plays an important role in the modern education system that is depended on the interdependence between countries, Competitors global strategies, high import exports. Globalization has ultimately led to further Competition within the developed as well as the middle-income countries. This is chiefly in Asia, that has lead to growth and collaboration of the businesses as well as the educations institutes from the OECD countries has led to ease of policy formulation, seeking solutions to the most common problems, recognizing good practices with co-coordinating with domestic and international strategies (Elaine 2010). One evidence for the development of higher education institutions and the increasing competition can be found in the large range of institutional structures where dissimilar small as well as giant universities of applied science to multifaceted university systems to private colleges use internet to spread the prospect now use online and abroad teaching pattern. This has aided the universities to speedily react to the challenging and take advantage of the modern opportunities (Raby 2009). Higher education has now become central to the changes sweeping through the OECD and emerging nations, in which worldwide networking and exchange are reshaping social, economic and cultural life. But has also increased the level of competition (Pamela 2010). 9. Globalization of government policies In global acquainted economies, higher University education has a major significance than ever before as standards of wide range of cross-border relationships and continuous global flows of people, information, knowledge, technologies, products and financial capital is vastly depended on the government policies and regulations that govern the participants of the market (Daniel 2010). The government policies are framed and structured under trade policies, technical standards, host government policies. In practice, the principal objective of such reforms is to begin a process of privatizing education by starving public-sector schools in the name of forcing them to compete.  Ã‚  The Civil Society Network for Public Education in the Americas, a group that brings together South, Central and North American workers in education, notes that in developing countries that apply austerity measures, this system has generally led to the reduction of educational resources for the poorest regions (Knust 2009). Conclusion The MNCs has to face many tribulations in the host countries in the present era of globalised world trade. There are many causes and reasons for the failure of the many global economic programs and the corporations. In focal cause of this failure is the competition or rivalry, profit driven intends, self- interests, and the domination by economic powers. The multinational corporations are the modles of these traits, and they play a key role in sustaining their position through their economic and political influence. The role of MNC plays a significant on the economic formulation of policies and the overall development of the country. The development of the economies and the expansion of the trade has lead to globalization of the university education grow and develop over tall over the globe.

Visual Culture :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Symbols and images have a more than significant impact on one?s views of the world. Since childhood, a person?s brain uses representation of images into meanings to make sense of their world. These images then go on to being either the truth or falsehood and base a person?s views of the world for the rest of their life. All this can be explained through the idea of representation of everyday cultural mediums; such as advertisements and the television.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Representation is the way a person interprets symbols and images of a culture and the way these images explain why the world is the way it is. These symbols and images are seen in everyday cultural mediums so nobody is exempt from representation; even under strict exclusion from society. An example would be of a person brought up on Fifth Avenue who believes that the best clothes are made by the likes of Armani compared to a vagabond who believes that the best clothes are the ones that last him through the night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nearly every form of visual media a person comes into contact with is a photograph, which is undisputable evidence of an event. There is the myth of photographic truth, which means that photographs are subjective, yet can be manipulated and taken in different contexts. Take the photographs taken by Nazi?s during the holocaust. The photographs denote that Nazis killed millions of people, but the photographs may also take on many connotative meanings. Connotative meanings are views people hold on images based on their cultures and past experiences. One may have the connotative view that the images are horrendous while another might find justification within the actions of the Nazis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of the two connotative meanings mentioned with the Nazi pictures they each hold different ideologies; ideas that form a culture. The ideas of ideology are usually taken in as the views of most of the population of a given culture, therefore ideologies define cultures. An American ideology is the belief in independent freedom while a communist ideology is communal sharing. How are these ideologies passed on in a culture? They start off in schools and places that people gather. Malls are filled with advertisements. There are ads that symbolize skinny brunettes wearing Chanel as the perfect woman, which is what most men and women tend to take as truth. Then there are ads to enlist people into the army, which give a message of a strong country run by individuals.

George Orwell, 1984 Essay

The last and arguably most powerful book to be written by renowned novelist George Orwell (pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair), 1984 is the chronicle of mankind’s gradual decay under aggressive totalitarianism and blind ideology. The influence of the novel is such that some terms such as â€Å"Big Brother†, â€Å"doublethink† and â€Å"newspeak† have somehow found their way into the modern lexicon. Orwell visualized a world under constant war, with entire societies threatened by an omniscient government that wields control even over an individual’s very thoughts. Half a century after the book’s publication, academics and casual readers alike continue to find disturbing similarities between Orwell’s 1984 and today’s increasingly intrusive institutions. With censorship, political rhetoric and propaganda becoming more and more like the slogans of Orwell’s dystopian society each day it is unsurprising that the novels remain quite a favorite among academics and literary experts alike. Orwell’s startling depiction of a totalitarian state peddling lies and deceit to its willing masses remains relevant and – to some extent – frighteningly prophetic of the present generation. Decades after it first saw print, 1984 still achieves significant readership – a literary warning that enemies of propaganda and censorship revisit time and again as a standard through which the growing excesses in government control and power could be measured. It is the world’s worst case scenario, and its enduring social relevance is a testament to both Orwell’s literary style and deep understanding of the human psyche. This paper posits that George Orwell’s 1984 is a dystopian novel that deftly tackles the power of language and censorship in controlling both society and the individual; hence its enduring relevance to academic studies on the political and social status quo. This study shall begin with a brief summary of the novel in order to provide a narrative background. The following discussion involves three parts: first, what is the style or form of the novel, and how does it add to the novel’s appeal and narrative? Second, what are the main themes of the novel? Lastly, how do these themes – combined with the novel – remain relevant to the present times, hence its popularity with academics in the sociopolitical and literary fields? These are the questions that this study must answer in order to prove its thesis. Summary 1984 is the story of Winston Smith, a member of the Outer Party residing in what used to be London. Smith is a citizen of Oceania, one of the three superstates in the world of 1984. The protagonist lives a life of controlled existence; he works in the Ministry of Truth, rewriting news stories and editing photographs in order to make history â€Å"adhere† to the Party’s current slogan. People who went against the Party disappeared and made unpersons – there entire existence is erased by workers like Winston Smith. History, therefore, is constantly edited to fit whatever propaganda or slogan the Party is currently espousing. Though a member of the Party, Smith is far from a dedicated follower. He harbors a secret journal of illicit thoughts about freedom and woodenly participates in the Two Minutes of Hate and other standard Party propaganda activities. Smith meets and falls in love with Julia; there liaison, however, is both illicit and illegal. It is punishable by law, so Wilson and Julia find a sanctuary in a room above an old junk shop for their trysts. They are betrayed, however, and soon find themselves in the Ministry of Love where they are tortured and â€Å"reeducated†. In the end, fazed by the horrors of Room 101, Wilson and Julia succumb and betray each other. They are then released to await their execution on a later date. At the end of the novel, Wilson Smith accepts the power of Big Brother and willingly accepts his fate. Style and Form  George Orwell’s 1984, along with Ray Bradbury’s controversial Fahrenheit 451 and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, is one of the world’s best-known dystopian novels. It presents a world entirely gloomy and pessimistic – the opposite of a utopia wherein everything is perfect and in its proper place. As Brunsdale (2000) points out, a dystopia is ultimately a â€Å"hopelessly wrong society† (p. 146). It is a world that has turned entirely upside down, with nearly everything completely unlike what man would envision as paradise. It is an imagined world perverted – entirely a subversion of all that society must aspire for. For George Orwell, this world is a warning, a terrible vision that could become a reality if totalitarianism and government intrusion continues unchecked. The use of a dystopian form is particularly useful in delivering Orwell’s message. A staunch critic of imperialism and other authoritarian forms such as communism and fascism, Orwell’s novel is a chilling portrait of what could happen should totalitarian politics remain unabated. His disgust with British Socialism, for example, made its way into the novel’s newspeak as Ingsoc (English Socialism). By presenting the novel in a dystopian form rather than a different kind of exposition, Orwell successfully parlays his sociopolitical ideas easily through an interesting world rather than a non-fiction tome of tedious words that may find comfort in cobwebs. A form other than dystopia would not have been able to deliver the message as effectively as 1984 has done. Central Themes But what exactly is it that 1984 wishes to convey? At first glance, it seems as if 1984 is doomed to be a dated indictment of the faults of the British Empire in 1948 – when Orwell completed the novel. In truth, however, the novel is more than the indictment of one government. It is not a scathing criticism on Stalinism, or the British Empire, or Hitler’s destroyed Third Reich alone. It is an attack against Totalitarianism in whatever form or country, as it takes root and slowly sucks the life and freedom out of the individual and society as a whole. The novel is a critique; a warning against what could happen following the unchecked growth of totalitarian governments. It is not the alliance or the nationality, therefore, that matters, but the possible presence of totalitarian rule. One crucial theme in the novel that supports its criticism of totalitarianism is the power of language. Orwell emphasized the power of language in controlling the individual’s mental freedom, particularly in terms of how much and how broad he is allowed to conceptualize. With words and language designed to limit the mind of the person, it is quite possible to exert control and slowly manipulate his or her inner thoughts. Such is the power of newspeak and doublethink – both significant concepts from the novel that gradually crossed over to the mainstream jargon. These concepts are reliant on both language and the formation of thought as the primary tools through which the Party and Big Brother carry out their manipulative plans. An example of Newspeak is the naming convention that led to the ironic names of the ministries in Orwell’s dystopian society. The Ministries are named in a weird manner quite opposite to what they truly stand for. For example, the Ministry of Love is one of the most fearsome ministries in Oceania, as this is where prisoners are brought for torture, reeducation and execution. The Ministry of Truth where Smith works is quite a paradox, as it concerns itself not with the propagation of truthful information, but with the erasure of people and events no longer in line with the present party rhetoric. The Ministry of Plenty and Ministry of Peace are similarly ironically named. Wemyss (1987) calls this use of newspeak as the attempt to â€Å"narrow the range of human consciousness by limiting the range of words available and by eliminating their polysemic quality† (p. 45). When some terms and concepts become unavailable for use or without a lingual equivalent, they become obsolete and forgotten by the mind. With the government controlling just which words to use and which ones to eliminate, the possibility of controlling the individuals and society becomes much larger. Here lies the power of language, which effectively affects how the brain processes and understands the world around him. Moreover, the concepts in Big Brother’s society are defined in a manner describable as â€Å"inverted†. A particularly significant example is the slogan â€Å"war is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength† – everything in Wilson’s world is completely upside down. It is, in essence, an example of doublethink, wherein one is forced to contain two opposing thoughts at the same time and believe them both. It is an ability forced on the people of Oceania; the citizens think of war and peace as one rather than opposing sides of the coin. Even when the citizens clearly know that Oceania switches allies from Eurasia to Eastasia constantly, they are capable of manipulating their own minds into thinking that what the Party calls its â€Å"history† has always been true and in place. Another significant theme in the novel is censorship. Radio, television and print censorship is, of course, the norm in Big Brother’s world. More than the controls on media, however, the Party is also highly concerned with purity and the errors of sexual dalliances. Pornography or any form of â€Å"smut† publications are also banned in Oceania, and sexual thoughts are viewed as impurities even when conducted within the boundaries of marriage. This mirrors the penchant of totalitarian governments to extend their powers over â€Å"decency† and issues of morality. Whether or not the reason behind this is truly about cleaning up society remains a mystery. Reviews on the Novel The significance of the novel 1984 can be seen in how today’s academics remain enamored and continuously attempt to correlate the classic story of political and social manipulation to Orwell’s final masterpiece. Agathocleous (2000) took note of the relevance of the novel primarily through the proliferation of terms used in the novel in the modern jargon. The world presented by Orwell remains resonant in today’s world, wherein his ideas have become â€Å"common knowledge† (p. 101). Orwell’s 1984 is no longer just a novel; it is now a part of popular culture. This popularity, Agathocleous (2000) attributes to the the relevance of the issues discussed by Orwell even in today’s society. It is popular because it remains true and undated, thereby becoming a classic in its own right (p. 101). For Wanner (1997), on the other hand, notes that Orwell’s dystopian world is completely different from other portrayals of such negative societies. Unlike other dystopian nations, Orwell’s Oceania has resigned itself to imperfection and unhappiness without actually admitting it. Though the government may still tout this perfect world as their own, Orwell shows the characters to be living in a difficult world, one wherein pretenses are kept up in order to survive the constant watch of Big Brother. This world is described as hopeless, and it is accurate. Rather than follow other similar styles, Orwell opts to present a realistic view of his world and the negativity that sucks everything within its path (p. 77). Wanner (1997) also notes that Orwell is not entirely separate from socialism. Though the author does indict British socialism and other similar forms of totalitarianism, the presence of Goldstein, according to Wanner, shows that Orwell is still ambivalent regarding the best way to run a society. Even Goldstein, the supposed leader of the opposition, is not a figure against socialism. Wanner thus views this as a softening on Orwell’s part, noting that his message may not entirely be the indictment of all socialism (p. 77). Lastly, the concept of Orwellian language and politics have slowly caught up with the United States, thanks in no small part to the current administration. In his journal article, Kellner (2007) argues that Orwell’s world has remained enduring over the years because of its relevance. As such, Kellner easily correlates the â€Å"War on Terror† and the rhetoric that appears in Oceania as the modern equivalent of Orwell’s world (p. 622). These are some of the reviews that describe the relevance and endurance of the novel, 1984. It utilizes the dystopian model, with sensational usage of the power of language and new terms, in order to correlate Orwell’s fictional world with the present situation.